Which approach in teaching emphasizes structure and clearly defined objectives for each learning outcome?

The approach that emphasizes structure and clearly defined objectives for each learning outcome is competency-based instruction. This method focuses on ensuring that learners achieve specific competencies or skills that are clearly outlined before the instruction begins. By establishing well-defined goals, students understand what is expected of them and can measure their own progress towards those objectives.

In competency-based instruction, the focus is on the mastery of skills rather than the amount of time spent in class. This approach allows for personalized learning where students can move at their own pace, ensuring they have acquired the necessary competencies before progressing. The structured nature of this approach facilitates a clear path to success, with specific learning outcomes guiding both the instructor and the learners.

The other methods mentioned, such as experiential learning, direct instruction, and inquiry-based learning, each have their own merits and characteristics. However, they do not inherently emphasize the same level of structured, outcome-focused design that competency-based instruction does. For instance, experiential learning focuses more on hands-on experiences and reflection rather than predefined outcomes, while inquiry-based learning encourages exploration and question-asking, often leading to varied outcomes depending on the students' paths of discovery. Direct instruction, though structured, may not always define clear competencies as its primary focus is on content delivery.